Iingqimba zesekethe kunye ne-thermal pad kwi-substrate ziyahlukana, kwaye isiseko se-thermal samacandelo e-thermal sithintana ngokuthe ngqo ne-hot-conducting medium ukufezekisa i-optimal conductive conductive thermal (zero resistance resistance).Izinto eziphathekayo ze-substrate ngokuqhelekileyo ziyintsimbi (iCopper) substrate.