Njengoko sonke sisazi, "igolide elithoba kunye nesilivere elishumi" lixesha eliphezulu lokuthengisa iimoto, kodwa imeko "yokunqongophala okuphambili" okubangelwa kukwanda kobhubhane phesheya kolwandle iyaqhubeka nokuba mandundu.Izikhulu zeemoto ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela zinyanzelekile ukuba zinciphise imveliso okanye ziyeke ukuvelisa ngokufutshane ukusuka ngo-Agasti ukuya kuSeptemba.Amandla amatsha "amaRookies" nawo alungelelanise ukulindela kwabo ukuthengisa kwikota yesithathu, okwenza umthamo wokuthengiselana weevenkile ze-4S kunye nabathengisi bemoto behla ngexesha le "golden nine" kwaye "akukho zimoto zingathengiswa" Kubonakala ngathi yinto eqhelekileyo entsha. yabanye abathengisi kunye nabarhwebi beemoto.
Phezulu: Iitshiphusi ezizenzekelayo ziphakame kakhulu
Enyanisweni, iimoto, i-electronics yabathengi, unyango lwezonyango, ii-LEDs kunye namathoyizi ngoku ziyimigca ye-360, kwaye kukho ukungabikho kweechips.Isizathu sokuba "ukunqongophala kwemoto" kuqala kukuba iitshiphusi zemoto zinyuke kakhulu.
Ukujonga kumgca wexesha, ngempembelelo ye-COVID-19, kuphela kwikota yokuqala ka-2020, amakhulu eefektri zeemoto zanqunyanyiswa ngenxa yolawulo oluvaliweyo, ukunqongophala kwamacandelo kunye nokungabikho kwemisebenzi.Kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka, imakethi ye-auto yehlabathi iphinde yachacha ngokungalindelekanga, kwaye ukuthengiswa kweempawu ezahlukeneyo kwaphinda kwaphinda kwaphinda kwaqhama, kodwa eyona mveliso ingundoqo yabavelisi betshiphu enyukayo iye yafakwa kwamanye amashishini.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, isihloko "sokunqongophala kwe-chip yemoto" sihlambulule lonke ishishini okokuqala.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiintlobo ezithile, ukusuka kwi-2020 ukuya kwi-2021q1, iitshiphusi ziphelelwe ngamandla kwi-MCU esetyenziswe kwi-ESP (inkqubo yozinzo lombane lomzimba) kunye neenkqubo ze-ECU (iyunithi yolawulo lwe-elektroniki).Phakathi kwabo, ababoneleli abaphambili be-ESP yiBosch, ZF, Continental, Autoliv, Hitachi, Nisin, Wandu, Aisin, njl.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ngo-2021q2, ubhubhani we-covid-19 eMalaysia, ukupakishwa kunye novavanyo lwezityalo zeenkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe ze-chip ziye zanyanzeleka ukuba zivale ngenxa yobhubhane, kwaye ukunqongophala kwehlabathi lokubonelelwa kwe-chip yeemoto kuqhubekile nokuba mandundu.Kule mihla, ukunqongophala kweetshiphusi zeemoto kunwenwele ukusuka kwi-MCU kwi-ESP / ECU ukuya kwi-millimeter wave radar, izinzwa kunye nezinye iitshiphusi ezikhethekileyo.
Ukusuka kwimarike yendawo, idatha ekhutshwe yi-State Administration yokulawula imarike kunye nolawulo ibonisa ukuba phantsi kweemeko zokubonelela ngokulinganayo kunye nemfuno, izinga lokunyuka kwexabiso labathengisi be-chip yemoto ngokubanzi yi-7% - 10%.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunqongophala okupheleleyo kweetshiphusi, iitshiphusi zeemoto ezininzi ezijikelezayo kwimakethi yaseHuaqiang eMantla zonyuke ngaphezu kwamaxesha ali-10 apha enyakeni.
Ngokuphathelele oku, urhulumente ekugqibeleni wathatha isiphithiphithi semarike yezopolitiko!Kwaxelwa ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba ukuba amashishini amathathu osasazo lwetshiphu yemoto ahlawuliswa isixa esipheleleyo se-2.5 yezigidi zeeyuan nguRhulumente woLawulo lolawulo lwemalike ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili amaxabiso eetshiphusi zemoto.Kuxelwa ukuba amashishini okusasaza angentla aya kuthengisa iitshiphusi ngexabiso lokuthenga elingaphantsi kwe-yuan eyi-10 ngexabiso eliphezulu elingaphezu kwe-yuan engama-400, kunye nokunyuka kwexabiso eliphezulu ngamaxesha angama-40.
Ke kungancitshiswa nini ukunqongophala kwe-chip yenkcazo yesithuthi?Imvumelwano yoshishino kukuba kunzima ukuyisombulula ngokupheleleyo ngexesha elifutshane.
I-China Automobile Industry Association yathi ngo-Agasti ukuba ukunqongophala kwe-chip yehlabathi jikelele okubangelwa ngabavelisi beemoto ukunciphisa imveliso akunakwenzeka ukuba kusonjululwe kungekudala ngenxa yokuba ubhubhane uyaqhubeka nokugqugqisa kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi.
Ngokwengqikelelo ye-Ihsmarkit, impembelelo yokunqongophala kwe-chip kwimveliso yemoto iya kuqhubeka kude kube yikota yokuqala ye-2022, kwaye unikezelo lunokuzinza kwikota yesibini ye-2022, kwaye iqale ukubuyisela kwisiqingatha sesibini se-2022.
I-CEO ye-Infineon u-Reinhard Ploss uthe ngenxa yoxinzelelo lweendleko eziphezulu zabakhiqizi be-semiconductor kwaye kusekho imfuno ephezulu, amaxabiso e-chip alindeleke ukuba anyuke ngokukhawuleza.Ukususela ngo-2023 ukuya ku-2024, imarike ye-semiconductor inokuphakama, kwaye ingxaki yokugqithiswa kuya kuvela.
Intloko yeshishini leVolkswagen laseMelika ikholelwa ukuba imveliso ye-auto yase-US ayizukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kude kube kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2022.
Midstream: “Ingalo yomntu owomeleleyo” ukujongana nefuthe londoqo ongekhoyo
Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yokunqongophala okuqhubekayo kokunikezelwa kwe-chip, iinkampani ezininzi zeemoto kufuneka "ziphule iingalo zabo" ukuze ziphile - eyona nto ingcono kakhulu kukunika kuqala ukunikezelwa kweemodeli eziphambili, ngokukodwa iimoto ezitsha ezidweliswe kutshanje kunye nokuthengisa amandla amatsha ashushu. izithuthi.Ukuba ayincedi, iyakunciphisa imveliso okwethutyana kwaye iyeke imveliso.Ngapha koko, “ukuphila kubaluleke ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na”.
(1) Amashishini eemoto zemveli, imveliso eqhelekileyo iye "ingxamiseke ngokupheleleyo".Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, ukusuka ku-Agasti ukuya kuSeptemba, amashishini eemoto abhengeze ukunciphisa imveliso yexesha elifutshane kunye nokuvalwa kubandakanya:
I-Honda ibhengeze ngoSeptemba 17 ukuba kulindeleke ukuba ukuveliswa kwemoto yeefektri zayo eJapan ukususela ngo-Agasti ukuya kuSeptemba kuya kuba ngama-60% ngaphantsi kwesicwangciso sokuqala, kwaye umphumo uya kuncitshiswa malunga ne-30% ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha.
IToyota ibhengeze ngo-Agasti ukuba iifektri zayo ezili-14 eJapan ziya kumisa imveliso ngamaqondo ahlukeneyo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-chip ngo-Agasti nangoSeptemba, kunye nexesha lokuvalwa okuphezulu kweentsuku ezili-11.Kulindeleke ukuba imveliso yemoto yakwaToyota yehle nge-330000 ngo-Okthobha, ithatha i-40% yesicwangciso sokuqala semveliso.
I-Subaru ikwabhengeze ukuba ixesha lokuvalwa kwalo mzi-mveliso kunye nomzi-mveliso waseYadao weGunma production Institute (isixeko saseTaitian, kwidolophu yaseGunma) iya kwandiswa ukuya kutsho nge-22 kaSeptemba.
Ukongeza, iSuzuki iyakumisa imveliso kumzi-mveliso waseHamamatsu (iSixeko saseHamamatsu) nge-20 kaSeptemba.
Ukongeza eJapan, amashishini eemoto e-United States, eJamani nakwamanye amazwe nawo ayekile ukuvelisa okanye ukunciphisa imveliso.
Nge-2 kaSeptemba ngexesha lasekhaya, iGeneral Motors yabhengeza ukuba i-8 ye-15 yezityalo zendibano zaseMntla Melika ziyakumisa imveliso kwiiveki ezimbini ezizayo ngenxa yokunqongophala kweetshiphusi, ingxelo ye-AP.
Ukongeza, iFord Motor Company ikwabhengeze ukuba iza kunqumamisa ukuveliswa kweelori kwindawo yendibano kwisiXeko saseKansas kwiiveki ezimbini ezizayo, kwaye imizi-mveliso emibini yelori eMichigan naseKentucky yayiza kuphelisa iishifu.
I-Skoda kunye nesihlalo, i-subsidiaries ye-Volkswagen, bobabini bakhuphe iingxelo besithi iifektri zabo ziyakuyeka imveliso ngenxa yokunqongophala kweetshiphusi.Phakathi kwabo, i-Skoda Czech factory iya kumisa imveliso iveki enye ekupheleni kukaSeptemba;Ixesha lokuvalwa kwesixhobo se-SIAT'S Spanish liya kwandiswa ukuya kutsho ngo-2022.
(2) Izithuthi zamandla amatsha, "ukunqongophala kwe-core" isaqhwithi.
Nangona ingxaki "yokunqongophala kondoqo wemoto" ibalasele, ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kuseshushu kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye zihlala zithandwa yimali.
Ngokwedatha yenyanga ye-China Automobile Industry Association, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zase-China ngo-Agasti kwakuyi-1.799 yezigidi, phantsi kwe-3.5% ngenyanga ngenyanga kunye ne-17.8% unyaka nonyaka.Nangona kunjalo, imakethi entsha yemoto yaseTshayina isasebenza kakhulu kwintengiso, kwaye imveliso kunye nokuthengisa kwaqhubeka ukukhula inyanga nenyanga kunye nonyaka-ngonyaka.Umthamo wemveliso kunye nokuthengisa udlula i-300000 okokuqala, ukufikelela kwirekhodi elitsha.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, “ukubetha kobuso” kwafika ngokukhawuleza.
Nge-20 kaSeptemba, imoto efanelekileyo yabhengeza ukuba ngenxa yokuthandwa kwe-covid-19 eMalaysia, ukuveliswa kweetshiphusi ezikhethekileyo zababoneleli be-millimeter wave radar yenkampani kwathintelwa kakhulu.Ngenxa yokuba izinga lokubuyisela i-chip ye-chip lisezantsi kunokuba bekulindelwe, inkampani ngoku ilindele malunga ne-24500 yezithuthi eziza kuhanjiswa kwikota yesithathu ka-2021, xa kuthelekiswa ne-25000 ukuya kwi-26000 yezithuthi ezixelwe kwangaphambili.
Ngapha koko, iimoto ze-Weilai, enye inkampani ekhokelayo phakathi kwabenzi beemoto zasekhaya ezintsha, nayo yathi ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kunye nokuguquguquka konikezelo lwe-semiconductor, ngoku yehlisa uqikelelo lwayo lokuhanjiswa kwekota yesithathu yalo nyaka.Ngokokuqikelelwa kwayo, ukuhanjiswa kwesithuthi kwikota yesithathu yalo nyaka kuya kufikelela malunga ne-225000 ukuya kwi-235000, ngaphantsi kokulindela kwangaphambili kwe-230000 ukuya kwi-250000.
Kuxelwe ukuba iimoto ezifanelekileyo, iimoto ze-Weilai kunye ne-Xiaopeng zemoto zithathu ezikhokelayo zokuqalisa izithuthi zombane e-China, zikhuphisana noTesla, umenzi wemoto yombane waseMelika, kunye neenkampani zasekhaya ezinjengeGeely kunye neGreat Wall Motors.
Ngoku iimoto ezifanelekileyo kunye neemoto ze-Weilai zombini zithobile ulindelo lwabo lokuhanjiswa kwe-Q3, ebonisa ukuba imeko yezithuthi zamandla amatsha ayingcono kunoontanga babo.Kumthamo wemveliso yezithuthi, ubhubhane usengumngcipheko omkhulu.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuba oorhulumente abaninzi baseYurophu nabaseMelika beze ngaphambili ukuza kunxibelelana neMalaysia, ngethemba lokuba iMalaysia inokubeka phambili ukubonelela ngeetshiphusi zemoto kumashishini ayo ezithuthi.Amagosa aphezulu kumashishini ezithuthi aseTshayina acele esidlangalaleni ukuba urhulumente alungelelanise lo mba.
Ezantsi: igaraji "ayinanto" kwaye umthengisi "akanamoto yokuthengisa"
“Ukunqongophala okungundoqo” kukhokelele ekuthotyweni kwemveliso kunye nokuthunyelwa kwabavelisi abaphakathi, okubangele ukunqongophala okukhulu koluhlu lwamashishini entengiso asezantsi, kwaye kubangele ukusabela okuthile kwimakethi yeemoto zehlabathi.
Eyokuqala kukwehla kweentengiso.Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-China Automobile Circulation Association, echatshazelwa kukunqongophala kweetshiphusi zemoto, ukuthengiswa kweentengiso kwimarike yabakhweli yaseTshayina yafikelela kwi-1453000 ngo-Agasti ka-2021, ukwehla konyaka-ngonyaka nge-14.7% kunye nenyanga ngenyanga yehla nge-3.3 % ngo-Agasti.
Ngokwedatha ekhutshwe nguMbutho waseYurophu wabavelisi beemoto ngoSeptemba 16, ukubhaliswa kweemoto ezintsha eYurophu kwehle nge-24% kunye ne-18% unyaka nonyaka ngokulandelanayo ngoJulayi no-Agasti kulo nyaka, eziziinyanga ezimbini ukuhla okukhulu ukususela ekupheleni kwengxaki yezoqoqosho kwindawo ye-euro ngo-2013.
Okwesibini, igaraji yomthengisi "ayinanto".Ngokweengxelo zeendaba zasekhaya, abanye abathengisi babika ukuba ukususela ekupheleni kukaJulayi, kukho ukunqongophala kokubonelela ngokubanzi kwiimodeli ezithandwayo kwinkqubo ye-DMS yomthengisi, kwaye ukususela kwikota yesithathu, ii-odolo ezininzi zezithuthi zisekho ukubonelelwa ngokungaqhelekanga kwezinye izithuthi, kwaye ezinye izithuthi azinazo izithuthi ezikhoyo.
Ukongezelela, i-inventory kunye nexesha lokuthengisa labanye abathengisi liye lancitshiswa malunga neentsuku ze-20, eziphantsi kakhulu kunexabiso lezempilo eliqatshelwe kwishishini leentsuku ze-45.Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka, iya kusongela kakhulu ukusebenza kwemihla ngemihla kwabathengisi.
Emva koko, kukho isenzeko sokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwimarike yeemoto.Umphathi jikelele wevenkile ye-4S eBeijing uthe ngenxa yokunqongophala kweetshiphusi, umthamo wemveliso uncinci ngoku, kwaye ezinye iimoto zifuna iiodolo.Akukho sitokhwe sininzi kwisitokhwe, ngokunyuka okuphakathi kwe-20000 yuan.
Kwenzeka ukuba kukho imeko efanayo.Kwimarike yemoto yase-US, ngenxa yokungonelanga kwesithuthi, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokuthengisa iimoto zase-US lidlula i-$ 41000 ngo-Agasti, irekhodi eliphezulu.
Okokugqibela, kukho into yokuba abathengisi beemoto zodidi bathenge iimoto ezisetyenzisiweyo ngexabiso le-invoyisi.Kuxelwe ukuba ngoku, ezinye iivenkile ze-4S zamashishini eemoto zodidi eJiangsu, eFujian, eShandong, eTianjin, eSichuan nakweminye imimandla ziye zaqalisa umsebenzi wokuhlaziya iimoto ezisetyenzisiweyo ngamaxabiso etikiti.
Kuyaqondwa ukuba amaxabiso aphezulu okurisayiklishwa kweemoto ezisetyenzisiweyo sisimo sabanye abathengisi beemoto zodidi oluphezulu kuphela.Abanye abathengisi beemoto zodidi abanemithombo yemoto eyaneleyo kunye namaxabiso emoto akhethekileyo abathatha inxaxheba.Umthengisi wohlobo olutofotofo wathi ngaphambi kokunqongophala kwetshiphu, iimodeli ezininzi zeempawu zodidi zinezaphulelo kumaxabiso esiphelo.“Ixabiso lemoto kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo belingaphezulu kwamanqaku ali-15.Siyiqokelele ngokwexabiso le-invoyisi saza sayithengisa ngexabiso elikhokelayo leemoto ezintsha, ngengeniso engaphezulu kwe-10000.”
Aba bathengisi bangasentla bathi abathengisi bajongana nemingcipheko ethile ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha kweemoto ezisetyenzisiweyo ngamaxabiso aphezulu.Ukuba kukho inani elikhulu leemoto kwaye ukuveliswa kweemoto ezintsha kwanda ngexesha elifutshane, ukuthengiswa kweemoto ezisetyenzisiweyo kuya kuchaphazeleka.Ukuba ayinakuthengiswa, iimoto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezifunyenwe ngexabiso eliphezulu ziya kuthengiswa ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-23-2021